31
References
1. Garrett L. The Coming Plague. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux 1994.
2. Salyers AA, Whitt DD. Revenge of the Microbes. Washington, DC: ASM Press 2005.
3. Kirby WMM. “Extraction of a highly potent penicillin inactivator from penicillin-resistant staphylococci.”
Science. 1944 99:452-453.
4. Ibid.
5. Courvalin P. “Antimicrobial drug resistance: prediction is very difficult, especially about the future.” Emerg
Infect Dis. 2005 11:1503-1506.
6. Cassell GH, Mekalanos J. “Development of antimicrobial agents in the era of new and reemerging infectious
diseases and increasing antibiotic resistance.” JAMA. 2001 285:601-605.
7. Op cit 5.
8. CDC. A Public Health Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance, Interagency Task Force on
Antimicrobial Resistance. Workshop Report 2000. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/index.
html. Accessed 23 January 2012.
9. Stratton CW. “Dead bugs don’t mutate: susceptibility issues in the emergence of bacterial resistance.” Emerg
Infect Dis. 2003 9:10-16.
10. Axelsen PH. Essentials of Antimicrobial Pharmacology. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press 2002.
11. Bartlett JG. “Attempting to avoid bacterial resistance.” Am J Med.1999 106(5A):1S.
12. Hooper DC. “Emerging mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance.” Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 7:337-341.
13. Op cit 2.
14. Jacobs MR. “Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: rational antibiotic choices.” Am J Med.
1999 106:19S-25S.
15. Miller RV. “Bacterial gene swapping in nature.” Sci Am. 1998 278:66-71.
16. Op cit 2.
17. Bradley SF. “Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: long-term care concerns.” Am J Med. 1999 106:2S-10S.
18. Op cit 2.
19. Institute of Medicine. Antimicrobial Resistance: Issues and Options. Washington, DC: National Academy Press
1998.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Levy SB. “Antimicrobial resistance: bacteria on the defence.” BMJ. 1998 317:612-613.
23. Hay AD, Thomas M, Montgomery A, et al. “The relationship between primary care antibiotic prescribing and
bacterial resistance in adults in the community: a controlled observational study using individual patient
data.” J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005 56:146-153.
24. Ibid.
25. Wise R, Hart T, Cars O, et al. “Antimicrobial resistance.” BMJ. 1998 317:609-610.
26. Op cit 5.
27. Radetsky P. “Last days of the wonder drugs.” Discover. 1998 76-82.
28. Reese RE, Betts RF. Handbook of Antibiotics. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins 2000.
29. Op cit 8.
30. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Antimicrobial Resistance. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/
Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/ucm135344.htm. Accessed 23 January 2012.
Reprinted with permission from US Pharmacist, May 2006, US Pharm. 2006 5:14-17. Copyright © 2006 Jobson
Medical Information LLC.
An Overview of Antibiotic Resistance
References
1. Garrett L. The Coming Plague. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux 1994.
2. Salyers AA, Whitt DD. Revenge of the Microbes. Washington, DC: ASM Press 2005.
3. Kirby WMM. “Extraction of a highly potent penicillin inactivator from penicillin-resistant staphylococci.”
Science. 1944 99:452-453.
4. Ibid.
5. Courvalin P. “Antimicrobial drug resistance: prediction is very difficult, especially about the future.” Emerg
Infect Dis. 2005 11:1503-1506.
6. Cassell GH, Mekalanos J. “Development of antimicrobial agents in the era of new and reemerging infectious
diseases and increasing antibiotic resistance.” JAMA. 2001 285:601-605.
7. Op cit 5.
8. CDC. A Public Health Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance, Interagency Task Force on
Antimicrobial Resistance. Workshop Report 2000. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/index.
html. Accessed 23 January 2012.
9. Stratton CW. “Dead bugs don’t mutate: susceptibility issues in the emergence of bacterial resistance.” Emerg
Infect Dis. 2003 9:10-16.
10. Axelsen PH. Essentials of Antimicrobial Pharmacology. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press 2002.
11. Bartlett JG. “Attempting to avoid bacterial resistance.” Am J Med.1999 106(5A):1S.
12. Hooper DC. “Emerging mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance.” Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 7:337-341.
13. Op cit 2.
14. Jacobs MR. “Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: rational antibiotic choices.” Am J Med.
1999 106:19S-25S.
15. Miller RV. “Bacterial gene swapping in nature.” Sci Am. 1998 278:66-71.
16. Op cit 2.
17. Bradley SF. “Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: long-term care concerns.” Am J Med. 1999 106:2S-10S.
18. Op cit 2.
19. Institute of Medicine. Antimicrobial Resistance: Issues and Options. Washington, DC: National Academy Press
1998.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Levy SB. “Antimicrobial resistance: bacteria on the defence.” BMJ. 1998 317:612-613.
23. Hay AD, Thomas M, Montgomery A, et al. “The relationship between primary care antibiotic prescribing and
bacterial resistance in adults in the community: a controlled observational study using individual patient
data.” J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005 56:146-153.
24. Ibid.
25. Wise R, Hart T, Cars O, et al. “Antimicrobial resistance.” BMJ. 1998 317:609-610.
26. Op cit 5.
27. Radetsky P. “Last days of the wonder drugs.” Discover. 1998 76-82.
28. Reese RE, Betts RF. Handbook of Antibiotics. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins 2000.
29. Op cit 8.
30. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Antimicrobial Resistance. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/
Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/ucm135344.htm. Accessed 23 January 2012.
Reprinted with permission from US Pharmacist, May 2006, US Pharm. 2006 5:14-17. Copyright © 2006 Jobson
Medical Information LLC.
An Overview of Antibiotic Resistance